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NOAA Great Lakes Seminar Series: 2007-2008 Past Seminars
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Many of the past Seminar Series presentations listed below have
video, PowerPoint slides and / or handouts available for download.
The video clips are available to be viewed through Windows Media
Player (WMP), or, you may copy the URL into the appropriate application
for viewing. If clicking the link fails to start the video, open
WMP, select 'File: open' and insert the URL in the filename box.
- If you do not have Windows Media Player, or if you need to
upgrade your version, please download it from from the Microsoft
website.
- If you do not have PowerPoint, you can download a free
PowerPoint Viewer from the Microsoft website.
These broadcasts and associated imagery are provided solely
for viewing. Contact the individual speakers for permission to use
any portion of these broadcasts or associated materials.
Sea Grant staff may request that seminars at GLERL be recorded
or broadcast via Internet. Contact Rochelle
Sturtevant, Sea Grant Extension Agent/GLERL, to request a recording
or broadcast or to send comments or feedback. Please be aware this
video archive is experimental and we are fine tuning the details.
|
| March 2008 |
Thursday
March 6 |
Title: "Hydrologic
Research at the Office of Hydrologic Development: Present and
Future"
Speaker: Dr. Pedro Restrepo
Chief Scientist, Office Of Hydrology
NOAA National Weather Service
|
| January
2008 |
Thursday
January 31
|
Title: "An approach
to establishing aquatic organisms as in situ environmental
bioindicators of natural hazards"
Dr. Stephen A. Bortone, Director
Minnesota Sea Grant College Program
Video archive available:
Video: ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2008/bortone/20080131.wmv
PowerPoint: ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2008/bortone/20080131.ppt
Adobe PDF: ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2008/bortone/20080131.pdf
|
| October
2007 |
Tuesday
October 23 |
Special showing of "Invaders
from the Sea" "Invaders from the Sea" shows
how organisms transported in ballast water by ships have caused
biological and economic havoc around the world. The film captures
the impact of this issue using examples of three harmful organisms,
which have been transported to new areas in ships' ballast water:
North American comb jelly, Golden mussel (Limnoperma fortunei),
and Toxic Algae (Red Tides). It also highlights the progress made
by IMO and the maritime industry in addressing this issue and
the measures which can be taken to prevent the spread of harmful
organisms.
This documentary was produced by the International Maritime Organization
(IMO), in co-operation with the BBC and the shipping industry
and was filmed by the BBC Wildvision. It won 1st place (gold)
for the Best UN Feature Film at the 3rd UN Film Festival in April
2007. (49 minutes).
|
| September
2007 |
Tuesday
September 25 |
Title: "Genetic and
molecular approaches for assessing health of Great Lakes birds"
Speaker: Dr. Jessica Head
Environment Canada
National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa
Abstract:
The Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) has monitored the health of
colonial fish-eating birds in the Great Lakes for over 30 years.
Annual surveys conducted by CWS biologists have provided us with
a continuous record of reproductive success and environmental
contaminant levels in herring gull eggs since the early 1970s.
More recently, molecular and biochemical techniques with practical
applications to wildlife health assessment have become an important
part of the monitoring program. In this talk, I will review basic
concepts of molecular genetics, and then describe relevant ongoing
research by our group in this field. Molecular techniques for
determining sex, chronological age and contaminant sensitivity
in birds will be discussed. In each case, our work has led to
collaborative projects which use molecular biological methods
to address questions in avian ecology and population health assessment.
|
Tuesday,
September 18 |
Title: "Nutrient
loading to Lake Michigan: a mass balance assessment"
Speaker: Dr. Haejin Han (Jinny)
Post-doctoral Fellow
University of Michigan
School of Natural Resources and Environment
Abstract:
I estimated nitrogen (N) loading to 25 watersheds of the Lake
Michigan Basin (LMB) from 1920 to 2002 to examine temporal and
spatial variation in net anthropogenic N inputs (NANI) in relation
to land use, climate, and agricultural practices and to explore
how well NANI and climate are able to predict temporal and spatial
variation in river export of total N. Based on my accounting of
net anthropogenic N inputs (NANI) due to fertilizer application,
crop fixation, net atmospheric deposition, and net trade of N
as food and feed, total NANI to the entire LMB increased nearly
three-fold over the 20th Century. Watersheds with intense corn
production in the eastern LMB experienced the largest (about six-fold)
increase. Prior to 1944, temporal variation in total NANI to all
watersheds was determined by changes in newly fixed N originating
within the LMB, rather than new N inputs imported from outside
the basin. However, from 1950 onward, total NANI to the LMB was
increasingly influenced by a variety of types of transported or
traded N, and the relative importance of individual N sources
subsequently became more heterogeneous across watersheds. By the
late 20th Century, atmospheric N deposition was the major input
to forested regions, crop N fixation was the largest input to
agricultural watersheds of western LMB, and fertilizer N application
dominated agricultural watersheds of the eastern LMB.
To determine how well riverine export of total N (TN) can be
predicted from N inputs to the land, I compared linear and log-linear
regression models predicting riverine TN exports for 18 selected
watersheds over five census years from 1974 -1992, using a number
of different N budgeting approaches. Various assumptions and computational
details influenced model fit and prediction errors, and statistical
relationships were improved, especially for small watersheds with
diverse land use and farming practices, in response to specific
model adjustments. NANI estimation procedures that account for
seasonal fluctuations in livestock populations, and estimate crop
N fixation using crop yield methods rather than area harvested,
resulted in stronger models. A non-linear regression model that
simultaneously incorporated spatial and temporal data for the
preferred NANI model as well as annual runoff was able to account
for 87% of the variation in riverine TN exports over time and
space. This model, based on a more detailed description of N sources
and losses and annual runoff, and incorporating both temporal
and spatial variation, was found to have lower bias and higher
precision in the prediction of riverine TN exports.
|
| August 2007 |
Wednesday
August 15 |
Title: "Climate
change: imperatives for mitigation and adaptation" Speaker:
Dr. Rosina Bierbaum, Dean,
University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment
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Wednesday
August 1 |
Title: "Improving
educators’ capacity to teach about the Great Lakes"
& "Communicating for Sustainability: Insights from Psychology"
Speaker: Dr. Michaela Zint, Associate Professor
of Environmental Education & Communication, School of Natural
Resources and Environment & School of Education, University
of Michigan
Abstracts:
"Improving educators’ capacity to teach about the Great
Lakes"
This short presentation will consist of an overview of a web-based
resource I created to help teachers identify curricula they can
use to teach about the Great Lakes and related issues http://www.great-lakes.net/teach/teachers/).
I will briefly describe the various features of the site, how
it was developed, and present select evaluation results. Teachers
often ask natural scientists to assist them in their efforts to
teach about environmental issues such as those confronting the
Great Lakes. This site is one scientists can refer them to for
relevant teaching resources.
"Communicating for Sustainability: Insights from Psychology"
Most of us who care deeply about certain issues want to foster
changes in the behavior of others. For example, those of us concerned
about climate change want individuals to adopt behaviors that
reduce C02 emissions. This presentation will attempt to correct
misperceptions many individuals have about how to best foster
behavior change and offer alternative suggestions.
|
| July 2007 |
Wednesday
July 25 |
Title: "Mid
twenty-first century coastal restoration in a post-apocalyptic
world"
Speaker: Dr. Mark Ford, Executive Director
Coalition to Restore Coastal LA
Abstract:
Restoration in coastal Louisiana has always been a challenge,
both logistically and financially. However, since Hurricanes Katrina
and Rita in 2005, restoration has become more complicated and
much more expensive. Though the basic tools used to restore the
landscape are the same, most restoration is now tied to protection
measures, meaning the enhancement or construction of massive levee
systems. In addition, various planning efforts are underway, efforts
that are not as integrated as they should be at parish (local
government), state and federal level. Very little funding is dedicated
at this time to any of the restoration or protection projects
being proposed. Complicating things further are changes in the
population, insurance concerns, land loss, in addition to the
financial elements, all of which have leapt to levels not expected
for decades.
Non-governmental organizations are engaged in the process of
restoration planning, crafting legislative language which we hope
will result in authorizations and appropriations for needed projects,
and the coordinating of local, state, and federal efforts at a
much greater level than before the storm of 2005. There is a sense
of urgency to restore the landscape. Some believe that within
10 years restoration as we currently know it will no longer be
affordable and within those same 10 years we will pass a tipping
point where there will no longer enough of the existing landscape
to be able to do meaningful restoration in coastal Louisiana.
Our challenge, and our mission, is to restore coastal Louisiana
to a sustainable condition.
|
Friday
July 13 |
Title: "Real-time
monitoring experiences in the coastal waters in Korea: implementation
and scientific application" Speaker: Dr.
Young Jae Ro
Department of Oceanography, Chungnam National University, Taejon,
Republic of Korea
Abstract:
This study describes the history of the realtime monitoring experiences
in the Kangjin Bay, South Sea, Korea in terms of the system components
and its implementation and maintenance, data quality control and
analysis and oceanographic applications.
The system consists of three major parts: a data logger with
an array of sensors for water quality, current and meteorological
conditions; a wireless data communication device equipped with
cdma module; and a local power source (solar panel and battery).
The system has been operating continuously starting from early
2001 and the data array is published on the web page (http://oceaninfo.co.kr)
on a realtime basis. The data quality is controlled and checked
both in realtime and delayed mode to ensure the best possible
quality.
Time series of numerous oceanographic parameters are being produced
and analyzed for scientific and practical applications including
the generation of realtime warning messages. From short term to
intra-annual periods, variability of oceanic conditions such as
water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, current, and many
others are analyzed in term of spectra and multiple correlation.
These data are also utilized for numerical model initialization
and validation. Ultimately the data array will be a basis for
comprehensive understanding of the local ecosystem dynamics. One
important application now being emphasized is the generation mechanism
of the anoxia in the Kangjin Bay in summer season.
|
Tuesday
July 3 |
Title:"Distribution
and activity of pelagic fish – acoustic studies in the Baltic
Sea"
Speaker: Tomas Didrikas
Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University
Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract:
Animal activity is often strongly influenced by the diel light cycle,
which also influences other aspects of behavior. We used a seabed-mounted,
upwards-pinging echo sounder to study fish activity and vertical
distribution in relation to light and water temperature. Four phases
of the fish distribution were distinguished over the diel cycle.
By using acoustic tracking, we could estimate individual fish size
and swimming speed. Regression models were developed to investigate
effects of fish size and environmental factors (water temperature,
light intensity at the depth of a fish – i.e. in situ light
intensity) on swimming speed. For all phases combined, the model
explained 52% of the variation in swimming speed, with fish size,
light intensity and temperature being the significant variables.
The results have clear implications for fish bioenergetics models.
Such models should account for seasonal, light-driven cycles in
the activity-induced respiration estimates, in particular when modeling
populations at high latitudes.
Fishermen, anglers, and even biologists often utter phrases like
“There is no fish in this area in spring” or “when
the wind comes from the north…”. We describe and analyze
the vertical and horizontal distribution of fish in relation to
water temperature, wind direction and fish size in a bay in the
northern Baltic Sea using data from biweekly acoustic surveys
made through spring to autumn for two consecutive years. The pelagic
fish community in this bay is dominated by clupeids, i.e. herring
and sprat. The seasonal dynamics in vertical distribution patterns
were consistent between years and varied with temperature structure.
Fish showed clear horizontal patchiness, but horizontal distributions
were not significantly related to wind directions.
|
| June 2007 |
Thursday
June 21 |
Title:"Individual
contributions to population structure and dynamics"
Speaker: Dr. Christopher Chizinski
Texas Tech University
Abstract:
Population-level processes are partially determined by individual-level
energetics. We utilized two modeling approaches to gain an understanding
of the contribution provided by individuals to population structure
and dynamics. We developed a bioenergetics model to explore whether
growth predictions could be accounted by resource partitioning
among female, male, and immature inland silverside Menidia beryllina.
Model simulations provide evidence that differences in food habits
are unable to account for the observed disparity in growth. Instead,
we suggest that energy utilization differs among maturity states
and we recommend the development of a two-stage bioenergetics
model that includes a reproductive-allocation component. We developed
a dynamic population-matrix model to investigate alternative management
practices on the alleviation of stunting in white perch Morone
americana. Model simulations provide evidence that an intense
biomass removal is needed for substantial change in maximum size
of stunted white perch. Additionally, a one-time thinning of the
population is likely not sufficient to sustain a non-stunted population.
These two approaches provide insights about the substantial effects
that resource limitation and reproductive effort has on population
structure.
|
Thursday
June 21 |
Title: "Dreissenids
mussel into the Great Lakes offshore benthic zone" Speaker:
Dr. Stephan
Lozano
Ecologist, NOAA-GLERL
Abstract:
Dreissenids are successful invaders in the Great Lakes. There
is ample evidence that dreissenids have made a major impact on
the Great Lakes. The benthic filter feeders are capable of attaching
to both soft and hard substrates and filter large portions of
the nearshore waters. The conceptual model of a nearshore phosphorus
shunt has been used to describe the consequences of ecosystem
engineering by dreissenids in the nearshore. In my presentation,
I will describe the status of invasive dreissenid mussels and
the native amphipods, Diporeia ssp. in Lake Ontario over the last
20 years. The two most common hypotheses for the decline of Diporeia
in the Great Lakes are food limitation and a toxin/pathogen associated
with dreissenid pseudofeces. The Diporeia decline in deep waters
preceded the expansion of D. bugensis to these depths and suggests
that shallow dreissenid populations remotely influence profundal
habitats. This pattern of decline is consistent with mechanisms
that act from some distance including nearshore dreissenid grazing
and downslope transport of pseudofeces.
|
Tuesday
June 19 |
Title: "The
stability of a large river fish assemblage: a hierarchical approach
to evaluating the influence of multiple ecological perturbations"
Speaker: Dr. Brent Murry
Postdoctoral Research Specialist, State University of
New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry
|
Thursday
June 14 |
Title: "Eastern
brook trout ecology: a synthesis of field, laboratory and modeling
studies " Speaker: Dr. Kyle J. Hartman
Associate Professor, Wildlife & Fisheries Program,
West Virginia University
Abstract:
Appalachian headwater streams are high gradient, cold water systems
historically dominated by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).
These systems are subject to many anthropogenic and natural perturbations
such as acid deposition, acid mine drainage, sedimentation and
deforestation, and floods and drought. In 1998 we began studying
various aspects of the ecology and population dynamics of brook
trout. Among these studies included development of bioenergetic
models for brook trout, evaluation of suspended and deposited
sediment upon feeding and reproductive success, habitat use, and
manipulative studies. These studies improved our understanding
of brook trout ecology. However, large scale changes in habitat
quality and brook trout populations have occurred since the early
1900’s, yet little data is available detailing habitat and
population responses over time. Therefore, in 2002 we initiated
a long-term study of 25 headwater streams in West Virginia to
study the spatial and temporal variability of stream habitat and
brook trout populations in the Central Appalachian Mountains.
Such long-term studies are needed to identify limiting and controlling
factors of brook trout in this region and the relative impacts
of each upon overall population resilience. Our analyses have
discovered strong stock-recruit relationships in the most productive
geologies, while other factors such as habitat and water quality
appear to limit populations in most other geologies. Stable populations
occur where habitat is most stable. Knowledge of these factors
within the context of land-use practices and determination of
the habitat attributes controlling the abundance of all life stages
of brook trout will enable better land-use and restoration guidelines
to be established for the region.
|
Monday
June 4 |
Title: "Biodiversity
of the Aral Sea and possible ways to rehabilitate and conserve its
remnant water bodies" Speaker: Dr. Nick Aladin
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg,
Russia
Abstract:
The Aral Sea was the 4th largest lake in the world by water surface
area in 1960. At that time its area was 67,499 km2 (Large Aral
61,381 km2, Small Aral 6,118 km2) and its volume was 1,089 km3
(Large Aral 1,007 km3, Small Aral 82 km3). The Aral Sea was +53.4
m above ocean level with maximum depth 69 m. It was a slightly
saline lake with average salinity about 10 g/l. The Aral Sea was
inhabited by about 12 species of fishes and about 150 species
of free-living invertebrates excluding Protozoa and small-size
Metazoa. Since 1960 the Aral Sea has steadily become shallower,
owing overwhelmingly to water withdrawals upstream for irrigation.
In January 2006 the Aral was around 17000 km2 (25% of 1960), with
a volume of 108 km3 (10% of 1960). The Large Aral was 14,325 km2
(23% of 1960) and had a volume around 81 km3 (8% of 1960). Salinity
of the Large Aral ranged from 70+ to more than 100 g/l. The values
for the Small Aral were 3000+ km2 (~50% of 1960), 21 km3 (~26%
of 1960), and average salinity about 13 g/l.
Prior to the 1920s, the following aboriginal free-living animals
were present: Fishes – 12, Coelenterata – 1, Turbellaria
– 12, Rotatoria – 58, Oligohaeta – 10, Cladocera
– 14, Copepoda – 7, Harpacticoida – 15, Ostracoda
– 11, Malacostraca – 1, Hydracarina – 7, Bivalvia
– 9, Gastropoda – 3. Total – 160. Protozoa and
some other small Metazoa are not included. Due to intended and
accidental introductions that started in the 1920s, the number
of free-living animals grew. In the Aral Sea the following new
fishes and invertebrates introduced by man appeared: fishes –
21, Mysidacea – 5, Decapoda – 3, Copepoda –
3, Polychaeta – 1, Bivalvia – 4. Total – 37.
Until 1961 the shape and salinity of the Aral Sea hadn’t
changed significantly since the middle of the 19th century. Since
the end of 1980’s, when the level dropped by about 13 m
and reached about +40 m, the Aral Sea divided into the Large and
Small Aral with area 40,000 km2 (60% of 1960); volume 333 km3
(33% of 1960); salinity 30 g/l (3 times higher than in 1960).
In both new lakes salinity increased and under these new conditions
the following free-living animals survived: Fishes – 10;
Rotatoria – 3; Cladocera – 2; Copepoda – 2;
Ostracoda – 1; Decapoda – 2; Bivalvia – 2; Gastropoda
– >2; Polychaeta – 1. Total: >25.
Since the Aral Sea division its volume has decreased from 1000
km3 to 400 km3 by year 2001 and to 108 km3 by year 2005 with the
Large Aral Sea volume (2005) at 85 km3 and the Small Aral Sea
volume (2005) at 23 km3. After the Aral Sea division salinity
in the Large Aral continued to rise and reached 90 g/l (western
part) and 160 g/l (eastern part) in 2005, while in the Small Aral
it decreased and reached 17 g/l in 2005.
Four main approaches for conservation and rehabilitation of Aral
Sea and its ecosystems were discussed in Geneva in September 1992
(UNEP meeting) and have since been initiated:
1. Conservation and rehabilitation of Small Aral;
2. Conservation and rehabilitation of Large Aral;
3. Conservation and rehabilitation of delta and deltaic water
bodies of Syr Darya;
4. Conservation and rehabilitation of delta and deltaic water
bodies of Amu Darya. |
| May 2007 |
Tuesday
May 15 |
Title: "Ramblings
about algae - Part Two"
Speaker: Dr. Gary
Fahnenstiel, Senior Ecologist
NOAA-GLERL Lake Michigan Field Station
Muskegon, MI
Abstract:
Algae influence water quality. In this presentation we will examine
two ways algae influence water quality in the Great Lakes. The
first is through the introduction of new algae into the Great
Lakes via the ballast water and sediment of NOBOB ships. Using
experimental approaches we will examine the potential of NOBOB
ships as vectors for the introduction of non-indigenous algae.
The second way algae influence water quality is by the production
of toxins in nuisance blooms, particularly cyanobacteria blooms.
We will examine the factors influencing the production of the
toxin microcystin by the algal, Microcystis, in the Great Lakes.
Video archive:
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/fahnenstiel/20070515a.wmv
(intro)
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/fahnenstiel/20070515.wmv
(seminar)
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/fahnenstiel/20070515.ppt
(slides)
|
| April 2007 |
Wednesday
April 11 |
Title: "Linking environmental
changes in the Great Lakes to economic values: invasive sea lamprey
and habitat restoration"
Speaker: Dr. Frank Lupi, Associate Professor
Department of Agricultural Economics
and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife
Michigan State University
Abstract:
The presentation will discuss economic methods for valuing changes
in ecosystem services from the Great Lakes with an emphasis on
recreational services. The ability to link environmental changes
to economic values can help inform policy and management decisions
in the Great lakes. For example, what are the economic benefits
of ecological restoration in the Great lakes? What are the potential
economic costs of aquatic invasive species? The economic valuation
methods that can help address these questions will be illustrated
using results from the author's previous efforts to link economic
values for recreational fishing to environmental changes in the
Great Lakes. These applications revealed that benefits for sea
lamprey control efforts exceeded costs, and in a separate case
study, hydropower relicensing that resulted in improved spawning
habitats in Great Lake tributaries was found to yield economic
benefits that exceeded costs. Economic valuation models that are
currently being constructed will be introduced to highlight opportunities
for future research collaborations.
|
| March 2007 |
Thursday
March 22 |
Title: "Hindcasting
of estuarine bathymetric change with a tidal-timescale sediment
transport model"
Speaker: Neil Kamal Ganju, Hydraulic Engineer
U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA
Abstract:
Geomorphic evolution of estuarine habitats and landscapes over
decadal timescales is sensitive to sediment supply from the watershed
as well as estuarine hydrodynamics. Sediment supply to Suisun
Bay, California is subject to natural as well as anthropogenic
influence, beginning with the drastic input of sediment during
the hydraulic mining period of the late 19th century. Today sediment
supply is declining due to reduction of the hydraulic mining sediment
pulse, reservoir storage, and land use practices. The Regional
Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) was previously developed for Suisun
Bay and calibrated to tidal-timescale sediment dynamics, as well
as annual sediment fluxes. These calibration steps verify the
suitability of the model for evaluating seasonal and year-to-year
sediment transport trends, but give no validation of the resulting
geomorphic patterns. The evolution of channels, shoals, and mudflats
must also be simulated correctly for complete robustness of the
model. We are now in the process of implementing the calibrated
model for hindcasting bathymetric change for the period 1867-1990,
during which five bathymetric surveys were made. Boundary conditions
are idealized due to the lack of long-term boundary data, while
computational efficiency is increased with modified time-stepping
procedures.
|
Tuesday
March 20 |
Title: "Technology
research and development in the marine instrumentation laboratory"
Speaker: Steven A.
Ruberg, MSE
Observing Systems Researcher, NOAA-GLERL
Abstract:
Real-time observing systems are providing opportunities for environmental
measurements not possible previously. Episodic events can be detected
and used to initiate system sampling, high bandwidth applications
such as fisheries acoustics can be operated in real-time minimizing
data collection platform interference, and in situ instrumentation
failures can be detected and repaired resulting in more reliable
data collection. Observing system data is being integrated into
regional, national and global scale systems that will benefit
the public, decision makers and researchers. Advances in towed
instrumentation and the use of sensors on remotely operated vehicles
combined with visualization techniques are resulting in unprecedented
insight into benthic and pelagic phenomenon. Integrated circuit
micro-electro-mechanical systems are being developed that have
the potential to dramatically decrease instrumentation cost and
so increase spatial measurement density as well as the potential
to provide new approaches to measurements of marine chemistry.
This seminar will provide an overview of research and development
projects in the Marine Instrumentation Laboratory at GLERL.
Video archive available:
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/ruberg/20070320.wmv
PowerPoint:
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/ruberg/20070320.pdf
ROV video clips:
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/ruberg/20060914a.wmv
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/ruberg/20060914b.wmv
|
| January
2007 |
Tuesday
January 23 |
Title: "Making the
connection between exposure and toxic response for aquatic organisms"
Speaker: Dr. Peter
Landrum
Research Chemist, GLERL
Abstract:
Over the past decade or so, research has advanced to allow better
understanding of the connection between the concentrations of
contaminants in the external environment and the observed toxicity
in aquatic organisms. Toxicity is a time-dose-response relationship
based on the concentration of the compound at the receptor site.
Thus, the toxic response depends on both the toxicokinetics (uptake,
elimination, and biotransformation) and the toxicodynamics (rates
of damage formation and damage repair). While most standard toxicity
tests, that are the basis for risk assessments, are performed
for specific durations, many exposures of aquatic organisms occur
through pulsed exposures with differing durations, amplitudes
and recovery periods. To better interpret the expected response
and to take into account recovery periods, the temporal factors
that control the response need to be established. This presentation
will provide an overview of the models to establish the relationship
between exposure and response, demonstrate the impact of biotransformation
on the overall response relationship, and include insights into
latent toxicity post exposure for aquatic organisms.
Video archive available:
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/landrum/20070123a.wmv
(intro)
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/landrum/20070123.wmv
PowerPoint:
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/landrum/20070123.pdf
|
Thursday January
11 |
Title: "Hemimysis
anomala - the newest Great Lakes invader"
Speaker: Steve Pothoven
Fishery Biologist, GLERL
Abstract:
Hemimysis anomala (G.O. Sars, 1907), a Ponto-Caspian
crustacean (Mysidacea), was identified in November 2006 in the
channel between Lake Michigan and Muskegon Lake. Large numbers
of individuals formed aggregations averaging 1540 ± 333
individuals/m^2 . The population included females (63%), males
(35%) and juveniles (2%), and some females were in a reproductive
condition. Thus the population appears to be reproducing. It was
stocked into water-bodies in southern part of the former Soviet
Union to provide food for fish food and was first observed as
an invader in the Kaunass reservoirs in the Baltic Sea basin (Lithuania)
in 1962. It has since spread to other areas including the Baltic
Sea proper (1992), River Rhine (1997), and the United Kingdom
(2004). H. anomala is an omnivorous feeder, consuming
both zooplankton and phytoplankton, has a high feeding rate and
can switch feeding modes with ontogeny or as food availability
changes. The species is found predominantly over hard bottom areas
such as rocks or zebra mussel beds and is found less frequently
over sandy or silty bottoms or in areas overgrown with aquatic
vegetation. The hidden life-style of this species makes it difficult
to assess its geographic distribution. Research is needed to assess
1) the distribution of H. anomala in the Great Lakes
basin, and 2) the likely impacts on both the Great Lakes and inland
lake ecosystems.
Video archive available:
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/pothoven/20070111a.wmv
intro
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/pothoven/20070111b.wmv
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/pothoven/20070111c.wmv
Q&A
Slides:
ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/webcast/2007/pothoven/20070111.pdf
|
Wednesday
January 10 |
Title: " Development
of the distributed eco-hydrological simulator DEHydroS with application
in irrigation districts of the Yellow River basin"
Speaker: Dr. Yi Luo, Professor, Institute of
Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing, China
Abstract:
This talk presents the development of the Distributed Eco-Hydrological
Simulator DEHydroS and its application in the irrigation districts
of the Yellow river Basin. DEHydroS was developed from the CERES-wheat
and maize, SWAT2000, and MODFLOW models. The first half of the
talk will introduce how, in the DEHydroS, the crop ecological,
hydrological, and groundwater processes coupling was realized.
Irrigated agriculture plays an important role in the Yellow River
basin. It is the largest water user and grain producer of the
basin. Irrigation districts rely heavily upon the water supply
from the Yellow River. However, as the discharge of the Yellow
River has been decreasing and the competition for water among
different uses has been increasing, the challenge to sustainable
development of the irrigated agriculture in the basin is enormous.
The second half of the talk will demonstrate applications of the
DEHydroS model in the irrigation districts of the Yellow River
. Finally, the problems and lessons learned will be discussed
for modeling of irrigated agriculture in the Yellow River Basin.
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