GLERL/Sea Grant: Climate & Climate Change Resources

Brochures and Information Sheets

(GLERL Brochures and Information Sheets are available Print-on-Demand from the Internet at http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/brochures/)

GREAT LAKES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY. Water Levels in the Great Lakes. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 pp. (Updated February 2007) PDF

GREAT LAKES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY. NOAA CoastWatch Program in the Great Lakes. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 pp. (March 2005). PDF

GREAT LAKES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY. Meteorological Stations and Web Cams. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 pp. (February 2005) PDF

GREAT LAKES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY. Lake Level Modeling under Climate Change. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 pp. (August 2004) PDF

Great Lakes Ice Cover - Winter 2003 compared with GLERL's 30-Winter Ice Cover Climatology (April 2003) PDF HTML

GREAT LAKES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY. Great Lakes ice cover. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 pp. (August 2001). PDF HTML

GREAT LAKES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY. La Nina and the Great Lakes region. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 pp. (January 2000). PDF HTML

GREAT LAKES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY. Lake level modeling under climate change. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 pp. color brochure (August 2004). PDF

Recent Scientific Publications

(GLERL Publications are available free of charge. Ordering information. Complete lists of GLERL publications.)

2006

CROLEY, T. E., II. Modified Great Lakes hydrology modeling system for considering simple extreme climates. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-137. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 27 pp. (2006). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-137/tm-137.pdf

CROLEY, T. E. II. Using climatic predictions in Great Lakes hydrologic forecasts. In ASCE Task Committee Report on Climatic Variations, Climate Change, and Water Resources Engineering. J. Garbrecht and T. Piechota (Eds.). American Society of Civil Engineers, Arlington, VA, 164-185 (2006). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2006/20060013.pdf

Osgood, K., N. Cyr, T. O’Connor, J. Polovina, D.J. SCHWAB, P. and Stabeno. Ecosystem responses for climate variability. White paper #1. In Ecosystem Science Capabilities Required to Support NOAA's Mission in the Year 2020. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-74. NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD, pp. 6-14 (2006). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2006/2006tm74.pdf

QUINN, F. H., and C. E. SELLINGER. A reconstruction of Lake Michigan-Huron water levels derived from tree ring chronologies for the period 1600-1961. Journal of Great Lakes Research 32:29-39 (2006). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2006/20060006.pdf

SCHWAB, D. J., B. J. EADIE, R. A. ASSEL, and P. J. Roebber. Climatology of large sediment resuspension events in southern Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research 32:50-62 (2006). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2006/20060007.pdf

2005

ASSEL, R. A. Classification of annual Great Lakes ice cycles: Winters of 1973-2002. Journal of Climate 18:4895-4905 (2005). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2005/20050028.pdf

ASSEL, R. A. Conditional probability of December and January ice cover at selected Great Lakes shore sites. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-134. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 31 pp. (2005). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-134/tm-134.pdf

ASSEL, R. A. Detroit River - Western Lake Erie Basin Indicator Project. Indicator: Lake Erie Ice Cover. U.S. EPA Web Site (2006). http://www.epa.gov/med/grosseile_site/indicators/index.html

ASSEL, R. A. Great Lakes ice cover climatology update: Winters 2003, 2004, and 2005. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-135. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 21 pp. (2005). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-135/tm-135.pdf

ASSEL, R. A. Great Lakes weekly ice cover statistics. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-133. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 27 pp. (2005). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-133/

CROLEY, T. E. II. Recent Great Lakes evaporation model estimates. Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress: Impacts of Global Change, Anchorage, AK, May 15-19, 2005. American Society of Civil Engineers, 12 pp. (2005). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2005/20050015.pdf

LOFGREN, B. M. Development of the second-generation Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model (CHARM) for the Laurentian Great Lakes region. Proceedings, 19th Conference on Hydrology, 85th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society, San Diego, CA, January 9-13, 2005. American Meteorological Society, 3 pp. (2005). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2005/20050021.pdf

LOFGREN, B. M. CLIP: Climate-Land Interaction Project - Investigating human-climate interactions in East Africa. Proceedings, 16th Conference on Climate Variability and Change, 85th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society, San Diego, CA, January 9-13, 2005. 3 pp. (2005). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2005/20050020.pdf

2004

ASSEL, R. A. Computerized National Weather Service Great Lakes ice reports for winter seasons 1899-1970. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-130. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 31 pp. (2004). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-130

ASSEL, R. A. A Laurentian Great Lakes ice cover climatology. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Eastern Snow Conference, Portland, Maine, June 9-11, 2004. 2 pp. (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040027.pdf

LOFGREN, B. M. A model for simulation of the climate and hydrology of the Great Lakes basin. Journal of Geophysical Research 109(D18108):20 pp. (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040028.pdf

ASSEL, R. A., F. H. QUINN, and C. E. SELLINGER. Hydro-climatic factors of the recent drop in Laurentian Great Lakes water levels. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 85(8):1143-1151 (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040017.pdf

ASSEL, R. A., S. Drobot, and T. E. CROLEY, II. Improving 30-day Great Lakes ice cover outlooks. Journal of Hydrometeorology 5(4):713-717 (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040016.pdf

ASSEL, R. A., S. Drobot, and T. E. CROLEY, II. Improving monthly Great Lakes ice cover outlooks. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-129.NOAA,GreatLakes EnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,AnnArbor,MI,22pp.(2004).ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-129">Memorandum GLERL-129. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 22 pp. (2004). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-129

ASSEL, R. A. Lake Erie ice cover climatology -- basin averaged ice cover: winters 1898-2002. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-128. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 15 pp. (2004). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-128

LESHKEVICH, G. A., and S. V. Nghiem. Recent anomalies in Great Lakes ice cover based on statistical analysis and observation. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Anchorage, AK, September 20-24, 2004. IEEE, 1 pp. (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040022.pdf

LOFGREN, B. M. Global Warming Effects on Great Lakes Water: More Precipitation but Less Water? Proceedings, 18th Conference on Hydrology, 84th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society, Seattle, WA, January 11-15, 2004. American Meteorological Society, 3 pp. (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040002.pdf

Nghiem, S. V., G. A. LESHKEVICH, and B. W. Stiles. Wind fields over the Great Lakes measured by the SeaWinds scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite. Journal of Great Lakes Research 30(1):148-165 (2004).

Rao, Y. R., M. J. McCORMICK, and C. R. Murthy. Circulation during winter and northerly storm events in southern Lake Michigan. Journal of Geophysical Research 109(C1):C01010 (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040001.pdf

Rohli, R. V., S. A. Hsu, B. M. LOFGREN, and M. R. Binkley. Bowen ratio estimates over Lake Erie. Journal of Great Lakes Research 30(2):241-251 (2004).

2003

ASSEL, R. A. Great Lakes monthly and seasonal accumulations of freezing degree days -- winters 1898-2002. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-127. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 36 pp. (2003). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-127

ASSEL, R. A. An Electronic Atlas of Great Lakes Ice Cover, Winters 1973-2002. NOAA Atlas. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 CD-ROM Set or DVD (2003). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/ice/atlas

ASSEL, R. A. Great Lakes ice cover, first ice, last ice, and ice duration. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-125. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 49 pp. (2003). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-125

ASSEL, R. A., K. CRONK, and D. C. NORTON. Recent trends in Laurentian Great Lakes ice cover. Climatic Change 57:185-204 (2003). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2003/20030001.pdf

BRANDT, S. B. Editorial. A bold step forward: ecosystem forecasting, integrated observing systems, and International Field Years for the Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 29(3):373-374 (2003).

CLITES, A. H., and F. H. QUINN. The history of Lake Superior regulation: implications for the future. Journal of Great Lakes Research 29(1):157-171 (2003).

CROLEY, T. E. II. Weighted-climate parametric hydrologic forecasting. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering:171-180 (2003).

CROLEY, T. E. II. Great Lakes climate change hydrologic impact assessment: IJC Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River Regulation Study. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-126. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 77 pp. (2003). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-126

CROLEY, T. E. II, and C. L. Luukkonen. Potential effects of climate change on ground water in Lansing, Michigan. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39(1):149-163 (2003).

CROLEY, T. E. II. Weighted parametric operational hydrology forecasting. Proceedings, World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003, Philadelphia, PA, June 23-26, 2003. Environmental Water Resources Institute, American Society of Civil Engineers, 10 pp. (2003). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2003/20030011.pdf

Holcombe, T. L., L. L. Taylor, D. F. REID, J. S. Warren, P. A. VINCENT, and C. E. Herdendorf. Revised Lake Erie postglacial lake level history based on new detailed bathymetry. Journal of Great Lakes Research 29(4):681-704 (2003).

LESHKEVICH, G. A. and S. LIU. Environmental monitoring of the Great Lakes using CoastWatch data and JAVA GIS. Backscatter Magazine Spring 2003:13-16 (2003).

LOFGREN, B. M. Simulation of possible future effects of Greenhouse Warming on Great Lakes water supply using a regional climate model. Proceedings, 17th Conference on Hydrology, Long Beach, CA, February 8-13, 2003. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 4 pp. (2003). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2003/20030009.pdf

Nghiem, S. V. and G. A. LESHKEVICH. Great Lakes Winter Experiment 2002 (GLAWEX 2002). Synthetic aperture radar applications to ice-covered lakes and rivers. JPL D-26226. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 10 pp. (2003). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2003/20030005.pdf

Nghiem, S. V. and G. A. LESHKEVICH. Great Lakes ice mapping with satellite scatterometer data. Final Technical Report, JPL Task Plan 70-6362, JPL Task Order 15407. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 26 pp. (2003).

PRICE, H., S. A. POTHOVEN, M. J. McCORMICK, P. C. Jensen and G. L. FAHNENSTIEL. Temperature influence on commercial Lake Whitefish harvest in eastern Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research 29(2):296-300 (2003).

Rodionov, S. and R. A. ASSEL. Winter severity in the Great Lakes region: A tale of two oscillations. Climate Research 24:19-31 (2003).

2002

Assel, R. A., D. C. Norton, and K. C. Cronk. A Great Lakes ice cover digital data set for winters 1973-2000. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-121, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 45 pp. (2002). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-121

ASSEL, R. A., and D. C. NORTON. Twentieth century trends in the ice cover of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. Ice in the Environment: Proceedings of the 16th IAHR International Symposium on Ice, V. Squire and P. Langhorne (Eds.), Dunedin, New Zealand, December 2-6, 2002. International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research, pp. 321-327 (2002).

Brandt, S. B., D. M. Mason, M. J. McCormick, B. M. Lofgren, T. S. Hunter, and J. A. Tyler. Climate change: implications for fish growth performance in the Great Lakes. American Fisheries Society Symposium 32:61-76 (2002).

Croley, T. E. II. Evaluation of NOAA climate outlooks in extended Great Lakes water levels forecast. Proceedings, Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management, Roanoke, VA, May 19-22, 2002. Environmental Water Resources Institute, American Society of Civil Engineers, Washington, DC, 10 pp. (2002). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2002/20020006.pdf

Croley, T. E. II, and R. A. Assel. Great Lakes evaporation model sensitivities and errors. Proceedings, Second Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference, Subcommittee on Hydrology of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, Las Vegas, NV, July 28-August 1, 2002. 12 pp. (2002). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2002/20020004.pdf

Leshkevich, G. A., and S. V. Nghiem. Radar remote sensing of Great Lakes ice cover. Proceedings, 2002 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium and the 24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Toronto, Canada, June 24-28, 2002. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Piscataway, NJ, 1 pp. (2002). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2002/20020009.pdf

Leshkevich, G. A., and S. V. Nghiem. The 2002 Great Lakes Winter Experiment (GLAWEX 2002) three-dimensional mapping of the Great Lakes ice cover. NASA AirSAR Workshop, Pasadena, CA, March 4-6, 2002. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 10 pp. (2002).

LOFGREN, B. M. Coupled atmospheric-land-lake climate simulation using a regional model. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 28:1745-1748 (2002).

LOFGREN, B. M., F. H. QUINN, A. H. CLITES, R. A. ASSEL, A. J. Eberhardt, and C. L. Luukkonen. Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs. Journal of Great Lakes Research 28(4):537-554 (2002).

Lofgren, B. M. Global warming influences on water levels, ice, and chemical and biological cycles in lakes: some examples. American Fisheries Society Symposium 32:15-22 (2002).

Quinn, F. H. Secular changes in Great Lakes water level changes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 28(3):451-465 (2002).

Quinn, F. H., R. A. Assel, and C. E. Sellinger. Hydro-climatic factors and socioeconomic impacts of the recent record drop in Laurentian Great Lakes water levels. Preprints of the 13th symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations, Orlando, Florida, January 13-17, 2002. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 91-93 (2002).

Rao, Y. R., C. R. Murthy, M. J. McCORMICK, G. S. MILLER, and J. H. SAYLOR. Observations of circulation and coastal exchange characteristics in southern Lake Michigan during 2000 winter season. Geophysical Research Letters 29(13):9-1 to 9-4 (2002).

2001

Assel, R. A., and D. C. Norton. Visualizing Laurentian Great Lakes ice cycles. EOS Transactions 82(7):83 (2001).

Beletsky, D., and D. J. Schwab. Modeling circulation and thermal structure in Lake Michigan: Annual cycle and interannual variability. Journal of Geophysical Research 106(C9):19745-19771 (2001).

Croley, T. E. II. Climate-biased decisions via partial historical sampling. Proceedings, World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World's Water and Environmental Resources Challenges, D. Phelps and G. Sehlke (Eds.), Orlando, FL, May 20-24, 2001. American Society of Civil Engineers, Washington, DC, pp. 10 (2001).
http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2001/20010001.pdf

Croley, T. E. II. Climate-biased storm-frequency estimation. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 6(4):275-283 (2001). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2001/20010002.pdf

Rodionov, S., and R. A. Assel. A new look at the Pacific/North American index. Journal of Geophysical Research Letters 28(8):1519-1522 (2001).

Rodionov, S., R. A. Assel, and L. R. Herche. Tree-structured modeling of the relationship between Great Lakes ice cover and atmospheric circulation patterns. Journal of Great Lakes Research 27(4):486-502 (2001).

2000

Assel, R. A. Ice records on Grand Traverse Bay. In Grand Traverse Bay State of the Bay Report 2000, C. Wright and A. Hensen (Eds.), The Watershed Center, Grand Traverse Bay, Traverse City, MI, pp. 18 (2000).

Assel, R. A., and L. R. Herche. Coherence of long-term lake ice records. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 27:2789-2792 (2000).

Assel, R. A., J. E. Janowiak, D. Boyce, C. O'Connors, F. H. Quinn, and D. C. Norton. Laurentian Great Lakes ice and weather conditions for the 1998 El Nino winter. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81(4):703-717 (2000). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2000/20000001.pdf

Croley, T. E. II. Adjusting storm frequencies for climate forecasts. Proceedings, American Water Resources Annual Spring Specialty Conference, Anchorage, Alaska, May 3, 2000. pp. 269-274 (2000).

Croley, T. E. II. Climate-corrected storm-frequency examples. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-118, NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, (NTIS# not yet available) 27 pp. (2000). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-118/tm-118.pdf

Croley, T. E. II. Using Meteorology Probability Forecasts in Operational Hydrology. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 206 pp. (2000). This book is not available at this office, but can be purchased by contacting: 1-800-548-ASCE, marketing@asce.org, www.pubs.asce.org, member price $33.75

Helfand, J. S., D. P. Podber, and M. J. McCormick. Effect of heat flux on thermocline formation. Proceedings, ASCE Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, New Orleans, LA, November 3-5, 1999. ASCE, pp. 114-129 (2000).

Leshkevich, G. A., and S. Liu. Internet access to Great Lakes CoastWatch remote sensing information. Proceedings, IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI, July 24-28, 2000. IEEE (2000).

Leshkevich, G. A., S. V. Nghiem, and R. Kwok. Monitoring Great Lakes ice cover with satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Proceedings, IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI, July 24-28, 2000. IEEE (2000).

Leshkevich, G. A., D. J. Schwab, G. C. Muhr, and S. Liu. World Wide Web access to Great Lakes CoastWatch environmental data. Proceedings, AWRA Symposium on Water Resources and the World Wide Web, Seattle, WA, December 5-9, 1999. American Water Resources Association, 10 pp. (2000).

Lofgren, B. M. Precipitation, soil, and evaporation validation of the coupled hydrosphere-atmosphere research model. Preprints, 15th Conference on Hydrology, Long Beach, CA, January 9-14, 2000. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 275-278 (2000).

Lofgren, B. M., F. H. Quinn, A. H. Clites, and R. A. Assel. Water resources: Impacts, challenges, and opportunities. In Preparing for Climate Change: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, P.J. Sousounis and J.M. Bisanz (eds.), US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 29-37 (2000).

Lofgren, B. M., and Y. Zhu. Surface energy fluxes on the Great Lakes based on satellite-observed surface temperatures 1992-1995. Journal of Great Lakes Research 26(3):305-314 (2000).

Magnuson, J. J., D. M. Robertson, B. J. Benson, R. H. Wynne, D. M. Livingstone, T. Arai, R. A. Assel, R. G. Barry, V. Card, E. Kuusisto, N. G. Granin, T. D. Prowse, K. M. Stewart, and V. S. Vuglinski. Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere. Science 289:1743-1746 (2000).

Mortsch, L., H. Hengeveld, M. Lister, B. M. Lofgren, F. H. Quinn, M. Slivitzky, and L. Wenger. Climate change impacts on the hydrology of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence System. Canadian Water Resources Journal 25(2):153-179 (2000).

Norton, D. C., R. A. Assel, D. Meyers, B. A. Hibner, N. Morse, P. J. Trimble, K. Cronk, and M. Rubens. Great Lakes ice data rescue project. NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-117. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, (2000) 63 pp. ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-117

Quinn, F. H. Low water: should we get used to it? In Great Lakes SeaWay Review, Volume 29, Number 1, Harbor House, Great Lakes Seaway Review, Boyne City, MI, pp. 33-35 (2000).

Quinn, F. H., and B. M. Lofgren. The influence of potential greenhouse warming on Great Lakes hydrology, water levels, and water management. Preprints, 15th Conference on Hydrology, Long Beach, CA, January 9-14, 2000. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. pp. 271-274 (2000).

Rodionov, S., and R. A. Assel. Atmospheric teleconnection patterns and severity of winters in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. Atmosphere-Ocean XXXVIII(4):601-635 (2000). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2000/20000005.pdf

1999

Assel, R. A. Great Lakes Ice Cover. In Potential Climate Change Effects on Great Lakes Hydrodynamics and Water Quality, D.C.L. Lam and W.M. Schertzer, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, pp. 6.1-6.21 (1999).

Assel, R. A., J. E. Janowiak, D. C. Norton, and C. O' Connors. Climate perspective of the 1997-98 Laurentian Great Lakes ice cover. Proceedings, 10th Symposium on Global Change Studies, 79th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society, Dallas, TX, 73-76 (1999).

Beletsky, D., K. K. Lee, and D. J. Schwab. Large Scale Circulation. In Potential Climate Change Effects on Great Lakes Hydrodynamics and Water Quality, D.C.L. Lam and W.M. Schertzer, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, pp. 4.1-4.42 (1999).

Beletsky, D., S. H. Saylor, and D. J. Sschwab. Mean circulation in the Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 25(1): 78-93 (1999).

Leshkevich, G. A., S. V. Nghiem, and R. Kwok. Great Lakes ice cover classification and mapping using satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, San Diego, CA, October 5-7, 1999. ERIM, pp. II-402 to II-405 (1999).

Lofgren, B. M. Cloud and vertical resolution issues in the Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model (CHARM). Proceedings, 14th Conference on Hydrology, American Meteorological Society, Dallax, TX, January 10-15, 1999. American Meteorological Society, pp. 380-383 (1999).

Lofgren, B. M., and Y. Zhu. Seasonal climatology of surface energy fluxes on the Great Lakes. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-112, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, (NTIS# PB99-144958/XAB) 21 pp. (1999).

McCormick, M. J., and G. L. Fahnenstiel. Recent climatic trends in nearshore water temperatures in the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 44(3):530-540 (1999).

McCormick, M. J., and D. C. L. Lam. Lake Thermodynamics. In Potential Climate Change Effects on Great Lakes Hydrodynamics and Water Quality, D.C.L. Lam and W.M. Schertzer, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, pp. 3.1-3.20 (1999).

Ngheim, S. V., G. A. Leshkevich, and R. Kwok. Shipborne scatterometer measurements of Great Lakes ice. Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, San Diego, CA, October 5-7, 1998. pp. II-406 to II-409 (1999).

O'Connor, W. P., D. J. Schwab, and G. A. Lang. Forecast verification for Eta Model winds using Lake Erie storm surge water levels. Weather and Forecasting February 1999: 119-133 (1999). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1999/19990001.pdf

Quinn, F. H. Anthropogenic changes to Great Lakes water levels. US Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District, Great Lakes Update 136:1-4 (1999).

Quinn, F. H. The potential impacts of climate change on Great Lakes water resources, a review. Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources on the United States, D. Briane Adams (ed.), Atlanta, GA, May 10-12 1999. American Water Resources Association, pp. 311-315 (1999).

Quinn, F. H., and T. E. Croley II. Potential climate change impacts on Lake Erie. In State of Lake Erie (SOLE) Past, Present and Future, M. Munawar, T. Edsall and I. F. Munawar Eds., Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 23-30 (1999).

Rodoniov, S., and R. A. Assel. Laurentian Great Lakes ice cover and atmospheric teleconnection patterns: A decision-tree analysis. Proceedings, Eighth Conference on Climate Variations, Denver, CO, September 13-17, 1999. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 38-43 (1999).

Schertzer, W. M., and T. E. Croley. Climate and Lake Responses. In Potential Climate Change Effects on Great Lakes Hydrodynamics and Water Quality, D.C.L. Lam and W.M. Schertzer, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, pp. 2.1-2.74 (1999).

Schwab, D. J., and K. W. Bedford. The Great Lakes Forecasting System. In Coastal Ocean Prediction, Coastal and Estuarine Studies 56, C.N.K. Mooers (Ed.), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 157-173 (1999).

Schwab, D. J., G. A. Lang, K. W. Bedford, and Y. F. P. Chu. Recent developments in the Great Lakes Forecasting System (GLFS). Preprints, Third Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes, New Orleans, LA, November 3-5, 1999. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 201-206 (1999).

Schwab, D. J., G. A. Leshkevich, and G. C. Muhr. Automated Mapping of Surface Water Temperature in the Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 25(3):468-481 (1999).

Sellinger, C. E., and F. H. Quinn. Proceedings of the Great Lakes Paleo-Levels Workshop: The Last 4000 Years. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-113. Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, (NTIS# PB99-166308/XAB) 43 pp. (1999).

Zhu, Y., and B. M. Lofgren. Spatially distributed water surface temperature modeling for the Great Lakes. Proceedings, 14th Conference on Hydrology, Dallas, TX, January 10-15, 1999. American Meteorological Society, pp. 431-434 (1999).

Current Research Projects (Some projects pending external funding)

(Task Reports for all continuing projects are available at http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/)

• Dynamical Modeling of Great Lakes Regional Climate
• Great Lakes Sensitivity to Climatic Forcing
• Lakes in General Circulation Models
• Statistical Downscaling of Global and Regional Climate Simulations
• Climate and Land Use Change Processes in East Africa
• Time Series Measurements in Lake Erie
• CoastWatch Operations
• CoastWatch Research and Product Development