Paul Liu

All GLERL Publications for Liu:

• LIU, P.C., H.S. Chen, D.J. Doong, C.C. Kao, and Y.J.G. Hsu. Freaque waves during Typhoon Krosa. Annales Goephysicae 27:2633-2642 (2009). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2009/20090025.pdf
• LIU, P.C., C.H. Wu, K.R. MacHutchon, and D.J. SCHWAB. An analysis of measurement from a 3D oceanic wave field. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 126:15-26 (doi:10.2495/CP090021) (2009).
• MacHutchon, K.R., W.J. Wessels, C.H. Wu, and P.C. LIU. The use of streamed digital video data and Binocular Stereoscopic Image System (BISIS) processing methods to analyse ocean wave field kinematics. Proceedings of the ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore, and Arctic Engineering OMAE2009, Honolulu, HI, May 31-June 5, 2009. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 7 pp. (2009).
• Ge, Z., and P.C. LIU. Long-term wave growth and its linear and nonlinear interactions with wind fluctuations. Annales Geophysicae 26:747-758 (2008). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2008/20080012.pdf
• LIU, P.C., H.S. Chen, D.-J. Doong, C.C. Kao, and Y.-J.G. Hsu. Monstrous ocean waves during Typhoon Krosa. Annales Geophysicae 26:1327-1329 (2008). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2008/20080018.pdf
• LIU, P.C., and K.R. MacHutchon. Are there different kinds of rogue waves? Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 130:7 pp. (2008).
• LIU, P.C., D.J. SCHWAB, C.H. Wu, and K.R. MacHutchon. Wave heights in a 4-D ocean wave field. Proceedings, OMAE 2008 ASME 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Estoril, Portugal, June 15-20, 2008. 5 pp. (2008). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2008/20080017.pdf
• Ge, Z., and P.C. LIU. A time-localized response of wave growth process under turbulent winds. Annales Geophysicae 25:1253-1262 (2007). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2007/20070018.pdf
• LIU, P.C. A chronology of freaque wave encounters. Geofizika 24(1):57-70 (2007). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2007/20070019.pdf
• LIU, P.C., C.-H. Tsai, and H.S. Chen. On the growth of ocean waves. Ocean Engineering 34:1472-1480 (2007).
• MacHutchon, K.R., and P.C. LIU. Measurement and analysis of ocean wave fields in four dimensions. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, OMAE2007, San Diego, CA, June 10-15, 2007. 5 pp. (2007). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2007/20070017.pdf
• LIU, P. C., and K. R. MacHutchon. Are there different kinds of rogue waves? Proceedings, 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Hamburg, Germany, June 4-9, 2006. ASME, 6 pp. (2006). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2006/20060014.pdf
• LIU, P. C., K. R. MacHuchon, and C. H. Wu. Exploring rogue waves from observations in South Indian Ocean. In Rogue Waves 2004. M. Olagnon and M. Prevosto (Eds.). Ifremer, Brest, France, pp. 1-10 (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040037.pdf
• Lin, E.-B., and P. C. LIU. A discrete wavelet analysis of freak waves in the ocean. Journal of Applied Mathematics 2004:5:379-394 (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040032.pdf
• LIU, P. C., and B. V. Babanin. Using wavelet spectrum analysis to resolve breaking events in the wind wave time series. Annales Geophysicae 22:3335-3345 (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040024.pdf
• Pinho, U. F., P. C. LIU, and C. E. P. Ribeiro. Freak waves at Campos Basin, Brazil. Geofizika 21:53-67 (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040029.pdf
• LIU, P.C., K.R. MacHuchon, and C.H. Wu. Exploring rogue waves from observations in South Indian Ocean. In Rogue Waves 2004, M. Olagnon and M. Prevosto (Eds.). Ifremer, Brest, France, pp. 1-10 (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040037.pdf
• LIU, P. C., and U. F. Pinho. Freak Waves -- More frequent than rare! Annales Geophysicae 22:1839-1842 (2004). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2004/20040008.pdf
• LIU, P. C., and N. HAWLEY. Wave grouping characteristics in nearshore Great Lakes II. Ocean Engineering 29:1415-1425 (2002). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/2002/20020021.pdf
• Mori, N., P. C. LIU, and T. Yasuda. Analysis of freak wave measurements in the Sea of Japan. Ocean Engineering 29:1399-1414 (2002).
• LIU, P. C., D. J. SCHWAB, and R. E. Jensen. Has wind-wave modeling reached its limit? Ocean Engineering 29:81-98 (2002).
• Fritz, H. M., and P. C. LIU. An application of wavelet transform analysis to landslide-generated impulse waves. Proceedings, Fourth International Symposium Waves 2001, San Francisco, CA, September 2-6, 2001. American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1477-1486 (2001).
• LIU, P. C., and N. Mori. Characterizing freak waves with wavelet transform analysis. Proceedings, Rogue Waves 2000, M. Alagnon, and G. A. Athanassoulis eds., Brest, France, November 29-30, 2000. Ifremer, Brest, France, pp. 151-156 (2000).
• LIU, P. C. Wave grouping characteristics in nearshore Great Lakes. Ocean Engineering 27:1221-1230 (2000).
• LIU, P. C. Wavelet transform and new perspective on coastal and ocean engineering data analysis. In Advanced in Coastal and Ocean Engineering, P.L-F. Liu (Ed.), World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 57-101 (2000).
• LIU, P. C. A fifteen minute introduction of wavelet transform and application. Proceedings, 1999 International Water Resources Engineering Conference, Seattle, WA, August 7-12, 1999. American Society of Civil Engineers, 7 pp. (1999).
• LIU, P. C. Is the wind wave frequency spectrum outdated? Ocean Engineering 27:577-588 (1999).
• LIU, P. C., and N. Mori. A wavelet transform analysis of freak waves in the ocean. Proceedings, 1999 International Water Resources Engineering Conference, Seattle, WA, August 7-12, 1999. American Society of Civil Engineers, 7 pp. (1999).
• LIU, P. C. Wind Waves on Large Lakes. In Potential Climate Change Effects on Great Lakes Hydrodynamics and Water Quality, D.C.L. Lam and W.M. Schertzer, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, pp. 5.1-5.18 (1999).
• Breaker, L., and P.C. LIU. Application of the wavelet transform to the characterization of the intraseasonal oscilliations in sea surface temperature, wind stress, and sea level off Monterey, California. Proceedings, Second Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction Processes, Phoenix, AZ, January 11-16, 1998. American Meterological Society, 166-170 (1998).
• LIU, P.C., editor. Nearshore Hydrodynamics studies in Western Lake Michigan. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL-GLERL 103, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, (NTIS#PB97-211031INZ) 40 pp. (1997). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech_reports/glerl-103/tm-103.pdf
• LIU, P.C., and G.S. MILLER. Wavelet transforms and ocean current data analysis. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 13(5):1090-1099 (1996). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1996/19960003.pdf
• LIU, P.C. Review of "Dynamics and Modeling of Ocean Waves" by G.J. Komen et al. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 76(5):763-766 (1995).
• LIU, P.C. How do wind waves grow? Proceedings, Second International Conference on Air-Sea Interaction and on Meteorology and Oceanography of the Coastal Zone, Lisbon, Portugal, September 22-27, 1994. American Meteorological Society, 107-108 (1994).
• LIU, P.C. Wavelet spectrum analysis and ocean wind waves. In Wavelets in Geophysics, E. Foufoula-Georgiou, and P. Kumar (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, 151-166 (1994).
• LIU, P.C. Estimating breaking wave statistics from wind-wave time series data. Annales Geophysicae 11:970-972 (1993).
• LIU, P.C. Estimating breaking wave statistics from wind-wave time series data. Annales Geophysicae 11:970-972 (1993).
• LIU, P.C. Extracting dynamics from ocean wave time series data. In Mechanics Computing in 1990's and Beyond, Volume 1, H. Adeli and R.L. Sierakowski (eds.). American Society of Engineers, New York, 348-353 (1992).
• LIU, P.C. Chaotic dynamics and ocean wave statistics. Proceedings, Sixth IAHR International Symposium on Stochastic Hydraulics, Taipei, Taiwan, May 18-20, 1992. 345-352 (1992).
• SCHWAB, D.J., R.E. Jensen, and P.C. LIU. Comparative performance of spectral and parametric numerical wave prediction models in Lake Michigan. In Mechanics Computing in 1990s and Beyond, H. Adeli and R.L. Sierakowski (eds.). American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, 363-367 (1991).
• Donelan, M., M. Skafel, H. Graber, P.C. LIU, D.J. SCHWAB, and S. Venkatesh. On the growth rate of wind-generated waves. NWRI Contri. 91-117. National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Ontario, Canada, 32 pp. (1990).
• LIU, P.C. On the slope of equilibrium range in the frequency spectrum of wind waves. Journal of Geophysical Research 94(C4):5017-5023 (1989).
• LIU, P.C. What is the slope of equilibrium range in the frequency spectrum of wind waves? Proceedings, 21st Coastal Engineering Conference CERC/ASCE, Costa del Sol-Malaga, Spain, June 21, 1988. 1045-1057 (1988).
• LIU, P.C. A measurement of equilibrium range in the frequency spectra of wave slopes. Preprints, Seventh Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, Anaheim, CA, January 31-February 5, 1988. American Meteorological Society, Boston, 150-153 (1988).
• Venkatesh, S., M. Donelan, H. Graber, P.C. LIU, D.J. SCHWAB, and M. Skafel. Finite depth wind wavesa preliminary analysis of data from a field study on Lake St. Clair. Seventh Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, Anaheim, CA, February 1-5, 1988. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 154-156 (1988).
• LIU, P.C. Assessing wind wave spectrum representations in a shallow lake. Ocean Engineering 14(1):39-50 (1987).
• LIU, P.C., and D.J. SCHWAB. A comparison of methods for estimating u* from given u^z and air-sea temperature differences. Journal of Geophysical Research 92(C6):6488-6494 (1987).
• LIU, P.C. Estimating long-term wave statistics from long-term wind statistics. Proceedings, 20th Coastal Engineering Conference, Coastal Engineering Research Council, Taipei, Taiwan, November 9-14, 1986. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 512-521 (1986).
• SCHWAB, D.J., and P.C. LIU. Intercomparison of wave measurements obtained from a NOMAD buoy and from a WAVERIDER buoy in Lake Erie. Proceedings, MTS-IEEE Conference--Oceans 1985. Ocean Engineering and the Environment, San Diego, CA, November 12-14, 1985. 1131-1137 (1985).
• LIU, P.C. In search of universal parametric correlations for wind waves. In The Ocean Surface, Y. Toba and H. Mitsuyasu (eds.). D. Reidel Publishing Company, The Netherlands, 171-178 (1985).
• LIU, P.C. Representing frequency spectra for shallow water waves. Ocean Engineering 12(2):151-160 (1985).
• LIU, P.C. Testing parametric correlations for wind waves in the Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 11(4):478-491 (1985). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1985/19850008.pdf
• SCHWAB, D.J., and P.C. LIU. Intercomparison of wave measurements obtained from a NOMAD buoy and from a WAVERIDER buoy in Lake Erie. Proceedings, MTS-IEEE Conference--Oceans 1985. Ocean Engineering and the Environment, San Diego, CA, November 12-14, 1985. 1131-1137 (1985).
• LIU, P.C. On a design wave spectrum. Proceedings, 19th Coastal Engineering Conference, Houston, TX, September 3-7, 1984. American Society of Civil Engineers, 362-369 (1984).
• LIU, P.C. An iteration problem. SIAM Rev. 26:279 (1984).
• LIU, P.C., D.J. SCHWAB, and J.R. BENNETT. Comparison of a two-dimensional wave prediction model with synoptic measurements in Lake Michigan. Journal of Physical Oceanography 14(9):1514-1518 (1984). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1984/19840001.pdf
• SCHWAB, D.J., J.R. BENNETT, P.C. LIU, and M.A. Donelan. Application of a simple numerical wave prediction model to Lake Erie. Journal of Geophysical Research 89:3586-3592 (1984).
• SCHWAB, D.J., G.A. Meadows, J.R. BENNETT, H. Schultz, P.C. LIU, J.E. CAMPBELL, and H.H. Dannelongue. The response of the coastal boundary layer to wind and waves: Analysis of an experiment in Lake Erie. Journal of Geophysical Research 89:8043-8053 (1984).
• LIU, P.C. A representation for the frequency spectrum of wind-generated waves. Ocean Engineering 10(6):429-441 (1983).
• LIU, P.C. An iteration problem: Problem 83-9. SIAM Rev. 25:268 (1983).
• Meadows, G.A., N. Schultz, H. Dannelongue, J.R. BENNETT, J.E. CAMPBELL, P.C. LIU, and D.J. SCHWAB. The response of the coastal boundary layer to winds and waves: Analysis of an experiment in Lake Erie. Proceedings, Third Workshop on Great Lakes Coastal Erosion and Sedimentation, National Research Council Canada and Associate Committee for Research on Shoreline Erosion and Sedimentation, 51-54 (1982).
• SCHWAB, D.J., P.C. LIU, J.R. BENNETT, G.A. Meadows, H.J. Schultz, J.E. CAMPBELL, and H.H. Dannelongue. Coastal boundary layer study records response of Lake Erie to storms. Coastal Oceanography and Climatology News 4(3):30-31 (1982).
• SCHWAB, D.J., P.C. LIU, J.R. BENNETT, and G.A. Meadows. Lake Erie coastal boundary layer study measures flux of energy during storms. Coastal Oceanography and Climatology News 4:1 (1981).
• SAYLOR, J.H., J.R. BENNETT, F.M. Boyce, P.C. LIU, C.R. Murthy, R.L. PICKETT, and T.J. Simmons. Water movements. In IFYGLThe International Field Year for the Great Lakes, E.J. Aubert and T.L. Richards (eds.). Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 247-324 (1981).
• SCHWAB, D.J., R.A. Shuchman, and P.C. LIU. Wind wave directions determined from synthetic aperture radar imagery and from a tower in Lake Michigan. Journal of Geophysical Research 86(C3):2059-2064 (1981).
• LIU, P.C., and D.B. Ross. Airborne measurements of wave growth for stable and unstable atmospheres in Lake Michigan. Journal of Physical Oceanography 10(11):1842-1853 (1980). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1980/19800002.pdf
• LIU, P.C., and B.C. DOUGHTY. Surface waves. In IFYGL AtlasLake Ontario Summary Data, C.F. Jenkins (ed.). Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 162-199 (1980).
• SCHWAB, D.J., P.C. LIU, H.K. SOO, R.D. KISTLER, H.L. BOOKER, and J.D. BOYD. Wind and wave measurements taken from a tower in Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research 6(1):76-82 (1980). http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1980/19800005.pdf
• LIU, P.C. Spectral growth and nonlinear characteristics of wind waves in Lake On tario. NOAA Technical Report ERL 408-GLERL 14, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI (PB80-193261) 58 pp. (1979).
• LIU, P.C. Spectral growth and nonlinear characteristics of wind waves in Lake Ontario. NOAA Technical Report ERL 408-GLERL 14. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, 62 pp. (1979). ftp://ftp.glerl.noaa.gov/publications/tech-reports/tr-erl408-glerl-14.pdf
• LIU, P.C., and A.W. Green. Higher order wave spectra. Proceedings, 16th Coastal Engineering Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 360 -371 (1979).
• DOUGHTY, B.C., T.A. KESSENICH, and P.C. LIU. Surface wave data recorded in Lake Michigan during 1973 and 1975-77. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL -19, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI (PB-297 -296/6GA) 3 pp. (1978).
• LIU, P.C. A summary of IFYGL surface wave studies. IFYGL Bulletin 21:44-48 (1977).
• LIU, P.C. Higher order wave spectra and stationarity of wind waves. Fifth Conference on Probability and Statistics, Las Vegas, NV, November 15-18, 1977. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 254-259 (1977).
• LIU, P.C. Temporal spectral growth and nonlinear characteristics of wind waves in Lake Ontario. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI, 154 pp. (1977).
• LIU, P.C. Applications of empirical fetch-limited spectral formulas to Great Lakes waves. Proceedings, 15th Coastal Engineering Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 113-128 (1976).
• LIU, P.C. An evaluation of parameters for the theoretical distribution of periods and amplitudes of sea waves. Journal of Geophysical Research 81(18):3161-3162 (1976).
• LIU, P.C., and T.A. Kessenich. IFYGL shipboard visual wave observations vs. wave measurements. Journal of Great Lakes Research 2(1):33-42 (1976).http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1976/19760005.pdf
• LIU, P.C., G.S. MILLER, and J.H. SAYLOR. Water motion. In Great Lakes Basin Framework Study, Appendix 4: Limnology of Lakes and Embayments, A.P. Pinsak (ed.). Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, MI, 119-149 (1976).
• LIU, P.C., and T.A. Kessenich. Surface wave data recorded in Lake Ontario during IFYGL. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-2, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI (PB-247-121/7GI) 197 pp. (1975).
• LIU, P.C. Duration-limited wave spectra in Lake Ontario during the 1972 Hurricane Agnes (IFYGL). Proceedings, 17th Conference on Great Lakes Research, International Association for Great Lakes Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 435-444 (1974).
• LIU, P.C., and R.J. Robbins. Wave data analyses at GLERL. Proceedings, International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis, New Orleans, LA, September 9-11, 1974. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 64-73 (1974).